| 周敏茹,许志华,马福昌.2020年青海省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡特征及1975—2020年变化分析[J].中国肿瘤,2021,30(11):834-840. |
| 2020年青海省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡特征及1975—2020年变化分析 |
| Cancer Mortality in 2020 and the Changes from 1975 to 2020 in Qinghai Cancer Registration Areas |
| 中文关键词 修订日期：2021-08-13 |
| DOI：10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2021.11.A006 |
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| 中文关键词: 恶性肿瘤 死亡率 变化趋势 青海 |
| 英文关键词:cancer mortality rate trend analysis Qinghai |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：［目的］ 分析2020年青海省肿瘤登记地区居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况及1975—2020年死亡特征的变化。［方法］ 基于2020年在青海省19个区县死因调查结果数据，并结合1975、2005年两次历史调查资料，按地区分层，计算粗死亡率、年龄别死亡率、标化死亡率（中标率与世标率）及0~74岁累积率和前10位恶性肿瘤死亡顺位等指标。［结果］ 2020年青海省肿瘤登记地区居民恶性肿瘤死亡3 194例，粗死亡率116.89/10万，中标率为110.79/10万，世标率为111.15/10万，男性粗死亡率（140.80/10万）高于女性（91.68/10万），城市地区标化死亡率低于农村地区和牧区；死亡率随着年龄的增长而增高，50~岁为死亡率明显增高年龄组。青海省肿瘤登记地区前10位恶性肿瘤死因分别为胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、女性乳腺癌、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、脑瘤和前列腺癌，其中城市地区肺癌、女性乳腺癌粗死亡率及中标死亡率明显高于农村地区与牧区，农村地区与牧区胃癌和肝癌粗死亡率及中标死亡率明显高于城市地区，宫颈癌中标死亡率牧区明显高于城市和农村地区。与1975年相比，2005年粗死亡率上升了67.51%，恶性肿瘤在全人群死因顺位中由第5位上升至第2位，中标率及世标率分别上升了38.55%及37.75%，0~74岁累积率上升了28.13%；与2005年相比，2020年粗死亡率上升了3.79%，恶性肿瘤在全人群死因顺位中仍然是第2位，中标率及世标率分别下降了28.51%及27.59%，0~74岁累积率下降了32.99%。［结论］ 恶性肿瘤严重危害青海居民的生命与健康，各地区应广泛开展部门合作，加大癌症防控核心知识的宣传力度，并根据本地区癌症分布特征开展健康教育和健康促进，提高居民健康素养。同时要加大力度开展胃癌、肝癌和女性“两癌”的早期筛查，提高癌症治愈率和5年生存率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract： ［Purpose］ To analyze cancer mortality in 2020 and trends from 1975 to 2020 in Qinghai cancer registration areas. ［Methods］ Based on the survey on the causes of death in 19 counties of Qinghai Province in 2020 and the data of two historical surveys in 1975 and 2005， the crude mortality rate(CMR)， age-specific mortality， standardized mortality rate(SMR)， and cumulative rate of 0~74 years old were analyzed. ［Results］ There were a total of 3 194 cancer deaths in Qinghai cancer registration areas. The CMR in 2020 was 116.89/105， and the SMR China and SMR world were 110.79/105 and 111.15/105， respectively. The crude mortality rate of males(140.80/105) was significantly higher than that of females(91.68/105). The SMR in urban areas was significantly lower than that in rural and pastoral areas. The age-specific mortality increased with age， and 50~ years old group had a significantly higher mortality rate than other age groups. The top 10 cancer death occurred in stomach， liver， lung， colorectal， esophagus， female breast， pancreas， cervix， brain and prostate. The CMR and SMR China of lung cancer and female breast cancer in urban areas were significantly higher than that those in rural and pastoral areas； the CMR and SMR China of stomach cancer and liver cancer in rural and pastoral areas were significantly higher than those in urban areas； the CMR and SMR China of cervix cancer in pastoral areas were significantly higher than those in urban and rural areas. Compared to year 1975， in 2015 the CMR increased by 67.51%； the rank of cancer in all causes of death increased from fifth to the second； the SMR China the SMR world increased by 38.55% and 37.75%， respectively； and the cumulative rate of 0~74 years old increased by 28.13%. Compared to year 2005， in 2020 the CMR increased by 3.79%， the rank of cancer in all causes of death remained the second， the SMR China and SMR world decreased by 28.51% and 27.59%， respectively， and the cumulative rate of 0~74 years old decreased by 32.99%. ［Conclusion］ Cancer seriously threats the life and health of residents in Qinghai Province. It is necessary to carry out health education， health promotion and screening programs according to characteristics of different cancers， particularly for stomach cancer， liver cancer and female breast and cervical cancers. |
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