| 中文关键词: 外泌体 肿瘤 生物标志物 肿瘤微环境 诊断 治疗 |
| 英文关键词:exosome tumor biomarkers tumor microenvironnement diagnosis treatment |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0901400-05）；国家自然科学基金(81402117)；浙江省自然科学基金（LY17H160043）；浙江省钱江人才计划（QJD1602025）；浙江省卫生科技计划（2015111814） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：外泌体是由细胞主动分泌的一种大小约为40~100nm，具有脂质双分子层膜结构的小囊泡。肿瘤细胞在其发生、发展的过程中会不断释放肿瘤特异的外泌体到胞外，并可通过其携带的肿瘤细胞的DNA、RNA及蛋白质等生物物质参与调节血管生成、免疫反应及成纤维化等一系列生理活动来催化肿瘤微环境生态。尽管目前外泌体明确的生理作用仍然未知，其生物合成原理、释放及摄入的规律也不明，但其在肿瘤诊断与治疗中已经展现出巨大的潜能：在体液中分离出肿瘤来源的外泌体，分析其中携带的特异性生物标志物，有望成为一种无创的肿瘤诊断与监控的方法；在生物学上阻断肿瘤释放外泌体在转移前微环境中的互动，一定意义上能抑制肿瘤的转移能力；也可开发成一种具有人源性、脂融性、靶向性的生物纳米药物。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract：Exosomes are defined as nanovesicles with 40～100nm in diameter, which are actively released from cells and consist of a bilayer lipid membrane. Exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells during tumor progression and metastasis. Exosome plays a role in communication for information between primary tumor lesion and pre-metastatic niche in the targeted-organs via its packed proteins, miRNAs or other molecules, which facilitates tumor progression and metastasis. Although the secretory mechanisms and biological functions of tumor-associated exosomes are still unclear, the application of exosomes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets might be promising: the isolation and detection of circulating tumor-associated exosome may serve as biomarkers in “liquid biopsy” for diagnosis and monitoring in cancer patients; the blockage of tumor exosome secretion may inhibit tumor metastasis. |
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