| The perioperative treatment strategy for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer continues to be explored and optimized. The potential for further improvement in efficacy with conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains limited, and treatment-related toxicities have constrained further regimen refinement. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has demonstrated high pathological response rates and manageable perioperative safety profiles in multiple clinical studies; however, controversies persist regarding patient selection, regimen construction, and optimization of treatment pathways. This article aims to provide a systematic overview of the current research on neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, and to delineate and analyze key issues in clinical practice, thereby offering a reference for individualized perioperative decision-making. |
