| The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the survival outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the emergence of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) in a subset of patients constitutes a serious clinical challenge. HPD is characterized by accelerated tumor proliferation after immunotherapy, leading to a drastic deterioration of prognosis. This thesis aims to systematically review the current status and outstanding issues in this field by examining the definitions, diagnostic criteria, and high-risk features of HPD in NSCLC patients, and further analyze the potential biological mechanisms, including tumor driver genes, immune microenvironment remodeling, host immune status, and treatment-related factors. On this basis, it outlines the current research progress on biomarkers for predicting and early identifying HPD, evaluates and discusses clinical management strategies for patients with HPD, and emphasizes the importance of timely adjustment of treatment regimens and personalized predictive interventions. Finally, this thesis provides an outlook on future research directions, aiming to offer insights for optimizing immunodiagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients and circumventing the risk of HPD occurrence. |
