| Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. For decades, tumor immune evasion has been recognized as a critical driver of tumor initiation and progression. However, emerging evidence in recent years has revealed complex and dynamic interactions between the nervous and immune systems within the tumor microenvironment.This bidirectional crosstalk critically regulates tumor growth, metastatic potential, and responsiveness to immunotherapy.In this context, the concept of the neuro–immune oncology axis has provided a novel perspective for elucidating the mechanisms underlying lung cancer progression and for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. This review aims to systematically summarize recent advances in understanding the interplay between the nervous and immune systems in lung cancer, with the goal of providing a theoretical foundation and potential strategies for future lung cancer treatment through targeting this signaling axis. |
