| 马明华,张亚婷,张婷婷,等.类器官模型在恶性肿瘤的应用研究进展[J].中国肿瘤,2026,35(10):814-824. |
| 类器官模型在恶性肿瘤的应用研究进展 |
| Advances in the Application of Organoid Models in Cancer Research |
| 投稿时间：2026-04-09 |
| DOI：10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2026.10.A010 |
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| 中文关键词: 类器官 肿瘤异质性 药物筛选 肿瘤免疫微环境 血管化类器官 |
| 英文关键词:organoids tumor heterogeneity drug screening tumor immune microenvironment vascularized organoids |
| 基金项目:甘肃省自然科学基金（22JR5RA923） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：全球恶性肿瘤负担加重，传统肿瘤模型在基础研究与临床转化中暴露出显著局限：二维细胞系长期传代易导致肿瘤异质性丧失，影响药物敏感性预测的准确性；动物模型则因种间差异及免疫、代谢背景不一，临床前有效药物在Ⅲ期试验中失败率高达90%。类器官技术以改良DMEM/F12（Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12）培养基为核心，添加表皮生长因子等，可从患者来源类器官、成体干细胞、多能干细胞及基因编辑细胞构建，保留肿瘤异质性，已用于多类肿瘤建模。其能模拟肿瘤异质性以助药物筛选与个性化治疗，还可通过共培养等重建免疫微环境，借3D生物打印等探索肿瘤-血管化互作，但面临免疫细胞存活短、血管功能未复刻等问题。全文系统综述了类器官在模拟肿瘤免疫微环境、肿瘤与血管化互作机制探索等领域的最新进展。未来经标准化培养及多技术整合，有望推动肿瘤诊疗精准化、个体化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract： The global cancer burden continues to rise， and traditional tumor models have shown significant limitations in both basic research and clinical translation. Long term passaging of two dimensional cell lines tends to result in the loss of tumor heterogeneity， compromising the accuracy of drug sensitivity predictions. Animal models， meanwhile， are hampered by interspecies differences and varied immune and metabolic backgrounds， contributing to a failure rate as high as 90% for preclinically effective drugs in Phase Ⅲ trials. Organoid technology， built upon modified DMEM/F12 (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12) medium supplemented with growth factors such as EGF， enables the establishment of models from patient derived organoids (PDOs)， adult stem cells(ASC)， pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)， and gene edited cells， while preserving tumor heterogeneity and supporting modeling of diverse tumor types. Organoids can recapitulate tumor heterogeneity to facilitate drug screening and personalized therapy， and can be employed to reconstruct the immune microenvironment through co-culture systems and to explore tumor-vascular interactions via 3D bioprinting. However， challenges remain， including the limited survival of immune cells and incomplete recapitulation of vascular function. With standardized culture protocols and integration of multiple advanced technologies， organoid models hold promise for advancing the precision and individualization of cancer diagnosis and treatment. |
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