| 李 灿,肖海帆,胡莹云,等.2022年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡特征及2018—2022年变化趋势分析[J].中国肿瘤,2026,35(7):507-514. |
| 2022年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡特征及2018—2022年变化趋势分析 |
| Cancer Incidence and Mortality Characteristics in 2022 and Trends from 2018 to 2022 in Cancer Registration Areas of Hunan Province |
| 投稿时间：2026-05-07 |
| DOI：10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2026.07.A002 |
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| 中文关键词: 恶性肿瘤 发病 死亡 变化趋势 湖南 |
| 英文关键词:cancer incidence mortality change trend Hunan |
| 基金项目:湖南省重大科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目（2023ZJ1120）；湖南省卫生健康高层次人才重大科研专项（R2023117）；湖南省肿瘤医院高层次人才五年支持计划（20250811-1001，20250801-1013） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：［目的］ 分析2022年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的流行特征及2018—2022年变化趋势。［方法］收集湖南省质控合格肿瘤登记处2018—2022年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡数据，计算2022年恶性肿瘤的粗发病率（crude incidence rate，CIR）、粗死亡率（crude mortality rate，CMR）、中国人口标化发病率（age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population，ASIRC）、中国人口标化死亡率（age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population，ASMRC）、世界人口标化发病率（age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population，ASIRW）、世界人口标化死亡率（age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population，ASMRW）、0~74岁累积率及35~64岁截缩率等指标。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析2018—2022年标化率的时间变化趋势，计算平均年度变化百分比（average annual percentage change，AAPC）。［结果］ 2022年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤总体 CIR为332.78/10万，ASIRC为206.57/10万，ASIRW为199.97/10万，0~74岁累积发病率为22.53%；总体CMR为182.85/10万，ASMRC为97.04/10万，ASMRW为96.07/10万，0~74岁累积死亡率为11.07%。2022年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的主要发病和死亡指标均呈现男性高于女性、城市高于农村地区的特征。发病前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌（74.10/10万）、女性乳腺癌（45.92/10万）、结直肠癌（34.39/10万）、宫颈癌（29.89/10万）和肝癌（26.10/10万）；死亡前5位依次为肺癌（57.53/10万）、肝癌（23.27/10万）、结直肠癌（17.42/10万）、胃癌（11.77/10万）和宫颈癌（9.91/10万）。年龄别分析显示，发病率35岁后随年龄增长持续上升，80~84岁组达峰值；10~54岁女性发病率略高于男性，55岁后男性显著高于女性。死亡率45岁后逐渐升高，85岁及以上组达峰值，男性高于女性且差距随年龄增长而扩大。2018—2022年趋势分析显示，全省总体ASIRC（AAPC=0.34%，P=0.662）和ASMRC（AAPC=0.31%，P=0.592）呈上升趋势但无统计学意义，仅农村地区女性ASIRC上升有统计学意义（AAPC=3.76%，P=0.018）。［结论］ 2018—2022年湖南省农村地区女性恶性肿瘤 ASIRC 呈显著上升趋势，男性疾病负担高于女性，肺癌、女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌及结直肠癌为重点防控癌种。应针对不同人群特征实施差异化精准防控策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract：［Purpose］ To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cancers in the cancer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2022 and the changing trends from 2018 to 2022. ［Methods］ Data on the incidence and mortality of cancer from 2018 to 2022 were collected from quality-quali-fied cancer registries in Hunan Province. Indicators including crude incidence rate (CIR)， crude mortality rate (CMR)， age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASIRC)， age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population (ASMRC)， age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASIRW)， age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population(ASMRW)， cumulative rate for 0-74 years old and truncated rate for 35-64 years old in 2022 were calculated. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized rates from 2018 to 2022， and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated. ［Results］ In 2022， the overall CIR of cancer in the cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 332.78/105， with ASIRC of 206.57/105， ASIRW of 199.97/105， and cumulative incidence rate for 0-74 years old of 22.53%； the overall CMR was 182.85/105， with ASMRC of 97.04/105， ASMRW of 96.07/105， and cumulative mortality rate for 0-74 years old of 11.07%. Major incidence and mortality indicators of cancer in the cancer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2022 showed the characteristics that males were higher than females， and urban areas were higher than rural areas. The top five cancers by incidence were lung cancer (74.10/1105)， female breast cancer (45.92/105)， colorectal cancer (34.39/105， cervical cancer (29.89/105) and liver cancer (26.10/105)； the top five causes of cancer death were lung cancer (57.53/105)， liver cancer (23.27/105)， colorectal cancer (17.42/105)， gastric cancer (11.77/105) and cervical cancer (9.91/105). Age-specific analysis showed that the incidence rate increased steadily with age after 35 years old and peaked in the 80-84 years old group； the incidence rate in females was slightly higher than that in males aged 10-54 years old， while significantly higher in males after 55 years old. The mortality rate increased gradually after 45 years old and peaked in the ≥85 years old group， with males having higher mortality rates than females and the gap widening with age increasing. Trend analysis from 2018 to 2022 showed that the overall ASIRC (AAPC=0.34%， P=0.662) and ASMRC (AAPC=0.31%， P=0.592) in the whole province showed upward trends without statistical significance， and only the increase in ASIRC among rural females was statistically significant (AAPC=3.76%， P=0.018). ［Conclusion］ The ASIRC of cancer among rural females in Hunan Province shows a significant upward trend from 2018 to 2022， and the disease burden in males is higher than that in females. Lung cancer， female breast cancer， cervical cancer and colorectal cancer are the key cancers for prevention and control. Differentiated and precise prevention and control strategies should be implemented targeting the characteristics of different populations. |
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