| 韩冰峰,郑荣寿,孙可欣.2024年中国人群恶性肿瘤发病与死亡年龄特征分析[J].中国肿瘤,2026,35(3):163-171. |
| 2024年中国人群恶性肿瘤发病与死亡年龄特征分析 |
| Age Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China in 2024 |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-14 |
| DOI：10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2026.03.A001 |
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| 中文关键词: 恶性肿瘤 发病 死亡 年龄特征 中国 |
| 英文关键词:cancer incidence mortality age distribution China |
| 基金项目:中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目（2025-I2M-KJ-007，2025-I2M-XHZY-009）； 北京市卫生健康委员会高创计划·登峰项目（G202513008）；首都卫生发展科研专项（2024-1G-4023，2024-2G-40213）；中国医学科学院肿瘤医院-深圳医院合作基金（CFA202201003）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（3332024045） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：［目的］ 分析2024年中国人群恶性肿瘤发病和死亡负担的年龄分布特征。［方法］ 整理2010—2019年106个连续开展监测的肿瘤登记处数据，按城乡和性别分层后采用年龄-时期-队列模型拟合恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率及变化趋势；同时结合全国919个2019年度质量良好的肿瘤登记处数据与全国人口数据，估算2024年全国恶性肿瘤发病、死亡数据及其年龄分布特征。［结果］ 2024年全国恶性肿瘤新发病例约515.06万例，死亡病例约258.22万例，粗发病率为366.57/10万，粗死亡率为183.78/10万，其中60岁及以上老年人群占新发总病例的61.77%、占死亡总病例的79.02%。恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率均随年龄增长而增高，不同恶性肿瘤的年龄分布特征差异显著，20~39岁男女性甲状腺癌发病率均为最高；肺癌在40岁及以上男性和60岁及以上女性中发病率和死亡率均为最高；40岁及以上男女性中消化道恶性肿瘤的死亡负担仍排名靠前；乳腺癌是20~79岁女性人群中发病率排名第2位的恶性肿瘤，且在20~39岁女性中死亡率最高。［结论］ 中国不同类型恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡负担具有独特的年龄分布特征，老年人群的肿瘤防控负担尤为沉重。公共卫生及临床领域应依据各癌种的年龄分布特征确定和优化高危人群定义，针对性开展恶性肿瘤的预防、筛查和诊疗等综合防控措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract：［Purpose］ To analyze the age-specific distribution patterns of cancer incidence and mortality burden in the Chinese population in 2024. ［Methods］ Data from 106 cancer registries with continuous surveillance from 2010 to 2019 were compiled. After stratification by urban/rural residence and sex， the age-period-cohort model was applied to fit cancer incidence rates， mortality rates， and their trends. Concurrently， data from 919 cancer registries with high-quality data in 2019 and national population data were utilized to estimate the national cancer incidence and mortality for 2024， along with their age-specific distribution characteristics. ［Results］ In 2024， there were approximately 5.150 6 million new cases and 2.582 2 million death cases of cancers nationwide， with a crude incidence rate of 366.57/105 and a crude mortality rate of 183.78/105. The elderly population aged 60 years old and above accounted for 61.77% of the total new cases and 79.02% of the total death cases. Both the incidence and mortality rates of cancers increased with age， with significant differences in age distribution characteristics among different types of cancers. Thyroid cancer had the highest incidence rate in both male and female aged 20~39 years old. Lung cancer ranked first in both incidence and mortality rates among male aged 40 years old and above， and female aged 60 years old and above. The mortality burden of gastrointestinal cancers remained in the front rank among both male and female aged 40 years old and above. Breast cancer was the second most common cancer in female aged 20~79 years old， and had the highest mortality rate in female aged 20~39 years old. ［Conclusion］ The burden of cancer incidence and mortality in China exhibits distinct age-specific patterns depending on the cancer type， with a particularly heavy burden of prevention and control observed in the elderly population. Public health and clinical sectors should define and optimize high-risk population criteria based on the age-specific characteristics of each cancer type， and implement targeted comprehensive prevention and control measures， including prevention， screening， diagnosis， and treatment. |
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