| 刘 杰,朱丽萍,杨旭丽.2014年中国皮肤黑色素瘤发病与死亡分析[J].中国肿瘤,2018,27(4):241-245. |
| 2014年中国皮肤黑色素瘤发病与死亡分析 |
| Incidence and Mortality of Cutaneous Melanoma in China，2014 |
| 投稿时间：2018-02-06 |
| DOI：10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2018.04.A001 |
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| 中文关键词: 皮肤黑色素瘤 发病率 死亡率 中国 |
| 英文关键词:cutaneous melanoma incidence mortality China |
| 基金项目:科技部基础工作专项（2014FY121100）； 江西省卫计委科技计划项目（20186008）；江西省卫计委科技计划项目（20172004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：［目的］ 评估全国肿瘤登记地区2014年皮肤黑色素瘤的发病和死亡情况。［方法］ 按全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核和评估标准，对449个登记处上报的2014年肿瘤登记数据进行评估，共339个肿瘤登记处的数据符合纳入标准，分析全国皮肤黑色素瘤的发病和死亡情况。中国人口标化率（中标率）采用2000年全国人口普查的人口构成，世界人口标化率（世标率）采用Segi’s世界标准人口构成。［结果］ 2014年，339个肿瘤登记地区覆盖人口为288 243 347人（城市地区144 061 915人，农村144 181 432人）。皮肤黑色素瘤病理学诊断比例为95.95%，仅有死亡证明书比例为0.48%，死亡/发病比为0.53。2014年，全国肿瘤登记地区新发皮肤黑色素瘤病例数为6761例，粗发病率0.49/10万，中标发病率为0.35/10万，世标发病率为0.34/10万，累积发病率（0~74岁）为0.04%。城市地区发病率为0.54/10万，中标发病率为0.36/10万；农村地区发病率为0.44/10万，中标发病率为0.33/10万。全国肿瘤登记地区皮肤黑色素瘤死亡病例数3637例，粗死亡率0.27/10万，中标死亡率为0.17/10万，世标死亡率为0.17/10万，累积死亡率（0~74岁）为0.02%。城市地区死亡率为0.32/10万，中标死亡率0.19/10万。农村地区死亡率为0.21/10万，中标死亡率0.14/10万。［结论］ 皮肤黑色素瘤的发病和死亡在城乡地区存在差异，应针对性加强重点人群尤其是城市地区50岁以上人群的预防和控制。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract：［Purpose］ To estimate the incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma in China in 2014. ［Methods］ The incidence and death data of cutaneous melanoma occurring in 2014 were submitted to NCCR from 449 cancer registries. After quality evaluation，the data from 339 registries were qualified for analysis. Then，the nationwide incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma were estimated. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi’s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. ［Results］ The data covered a population of 288 243 347（144 061 915 in urban areas and 144 181 432 in rural areas）. The percentage of morphologically verified cases and death certificate-only cases were 95.95% and 0.48%，respectively；and mortality to incidence ratio was 0.53. The number of new cases were 6761 cases in China in 2014，with a crude incidence rate of 0.49/105. The age-standardized incidence rates by China standard population（ASR China）and world standard population（ASR world）of cutaneous melanoma were 0.35/105 and 0.34/105，respectively. Cumulative incidence rate of cutaneous melanoma in China was 0.04%. The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas were 0.54/105 and 0.36/105，respectively，whereas those were 0.44/105 and 0.33/105 in rural areas. The deaths of cutaneous melanoma were about 3637 in China in 2014，with a crude mortality rate of 0.27/105. The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were 0.17/105 and 0.17/105，respectively，with a cumulative mortality rate（0~74 years old）of 0.02%. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 0.32/105 and 0.19/105 in urban areas，respectively，whereas those were 0.21/105 and 0.14/105 in rural areas. ［Conclusion］ The incidence and mortality pattern of cutaneous melanoma are different in urban and rural areas. We should focus on strengthening the prevention and control of related key population，especially those over 50 years in urban areas. |
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