| Objective To analyze the screening results of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Huai River basin of Henan Province from 2007 to 2024 under the National Cancer Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project. Methods Cluster sampling was used to select high-incidence villages or townships for upper gastrointestinal cancer. High-risk assessment and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were conducted among permanent residents in the target age range (40-69 years during 2007-2022 and 45-74 years during 2023-2024). The high-risk rate, screening participation rate, and detection rate were calculated. The χ² test and χ² test for trend were used to compare detection rates by sex and over time. Results From 2007 to 2024, a total of 284,616 residents participated in the baseline survey, identifying 126,329 high-risk individuals with an overall high-risk rate of 44.39%. Of these, 77,640 high-risk individuals underwent endoscopy, achieving a screening participation rate of 61.46%. A total of 556 cases of upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions were detected, with a positive lesion detection rate of 0.72%. The positive lesion detection rates were 1.13% in males and 0.44% in females. The positive lesion detection rate showed a fluctuating upward trend over time (P <0.001). Among the seven counties (cities/districts) involved in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening, the highest positive lesion detection rate was observed in Xiangcheng County (2.17%) and the lowest in Yuzhou City (0.43%). Conclusion The upper gastrointestinal cancer screening project in the Huai River basin of Henan Province achieved favorable overall outcomes. Detection rates were higher in males than in females, yet male participation remained relatively low, and substantial regional variations were noted. Further targeted mobilization for males and other priority populations, along with dissemination of best practices from high-performing sites, is needed to enhance screening effectiveness. |
