| Abstract: [Purpose] Based on the cancer data of Hunan Cancer Registration, we analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of cancer in Hunan Province from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide evidence-based support for the development of precise cancer prevention and control strategies. [Methods] Based on data from 103 quality-qualified cancer registries in Hunan Province, this study statistically analyzed the incidence and mortality rates of cancer in 2022, including Chinese age-standardized incidence/mortality rates (ASIRC/ASMRC), cumulative rates, truncated rates, and age-specific rates. The JoinPoint regression model was employed to calculate the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval for trends in the incidence and mortality of cancer from 2018 to 2022. [Results] In 2022, the crude incidence rate of cancer in the cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 332.78 per 100,000, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 206.57 per 100,000. The crude mortality rate was 182.85 per 100,000, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 97.04 per 100,000. Significant sex and urban-rural differences were observed in cancer incidence and mortality. The incidence rate in males (346.11 per 100,000) was higher than that in females (318.49 per 100,000), and the incidence rate in urban areas (392.34 per 100,000) was higher than that in rural areas (314.72 per 100,000). The mortality rate in males (229.61 per 100,000) was significantly higher than that in females (132.71 per 100,000), and the age-standardized mortality rate in males was 1.90 times that in females. The top five cancers by incidence were lung cancer (74.10 per 100,000), female breast cancer (45.92 per 100,000), colorectal cancer (34.39 per 100,000), cervical cancer (29.89 per 100,000), and liver cancer (26.10 per 100,000). Lung cancer ranked first in cancer mortality (57.53 per 100,000), followed by liver cancer (23.27 per 100,000), colorectal cancer (17.42 per 100,000), gastric cancer (11.77 per 100,000), and cervical cancer (9.91 per 100,000). Age-specific analysis showed that incidence rates increased steadily after age 35 and peaked in the 80-84 age group; Between ages 10 and 55, incidence rates were slightly higher in females than in males, while after age 55, rates were significantly higher in males. Mortality rates increased gradually after age 45 and peaked in the ≥85 age group, with males having significantly higher mortality rates than females, and the gap widening with age. Trend analysis from 2018 to 2022 indicated that the overall age-standardized incidence and mortality rates showed increasing trends without statistical significance (age-standardized incidence rate: AAPC = 0.34%, P = 0.662; age-standardized mortality rate: AAPC = 0.31%, P = 0.592). Only the age-standardized incidence rate among rural women increased significantly (AAPC = 3.76%, P = 0.018). [Conclusion] The age-standardized incidence rate of malignant tumors among rural women in Hunan Province showed an upward trend, and the mortality burden in males was higher than that in females. Lung cancer ranks first in both cancer incidence and mortality, while female breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colon-rectum cancer also contribute substantially to the cancer burden. Differentiated and precise prevention and control strategies should be implemented, targeting major cancer types and the distinct characteristics of different sex and urban-rural populations. |
