| Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its treatment faces severe challenges such as high tumor heterogeneity, strong microenvironment-mediated drug resistance, and easy metastasis and recurrence. These properties make traditional two-dimensional cell lines and animal models significantly limited in accurately predicting clinical efficacy. In recent years, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) have revolutionized colorectal cancer research as novel models that can highly mimic the genomic characteristics, tissue structure, and microenvironment of primary tumors. PDOs have been widely used in functional drug screening, targeted/immunotherapy response evaluation, drug resistance mechanism analysis and biomarker excavation in vitro; PDX provide a key platform for drug efficacy verification, metastatic process research and individualized treatment strategy development in a complete physiological environment in vivo. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the latest research progress and application value of PDOs and PDX in the field of precise treatment of colorectal cancer, focusing on their important roles in drug susceptibility prediction, mechanism exploration and treatment strategy development. |
