| [目的] 分析全球及中国食管癌的最新流行状况。[方法] 基于GLOBOCAN 2022数据库，按性别、年龄和人类发展指数（HDI）描述全球及中国食管癌的发病和死亡情况，并使用Spearman相关分析评估HDI与食管癌死亡发病比（MIR）之间的关系。[结果] 2022年，全球新发食管癌511,054例，年龄标化发病率（ASIR）为5.0/10万，死亡人数为445,391例，年龄标化死亡率（ASMR）为4.3/10万。中国新发食管癌224,012例，死亡187,467例，分别占全球发病和死亡病例的43.8%和42.1%，发病和死亡人数均居全球第1位。中国的ASIR为8.3/10万，ASMR为6.7/10万，男性的ASIR（13.1/10万）和ASMR（10.7/10万）分别为女性的3.4倍和3.7倍。食管癌的发病率和死亡率随年龄增长而增加，在70岁以上人群中，全球超过50%的食管癌发病和死亡病例发生在中国，中国的ASIR和ASMR均为全球平均水平的两倍。此外，HDI与食管癌MIR呈显著负相关（ρ = -0.67, P < 0.001），中国的MIR（0.81）与HDI极高的国家或地区相当。[结论] 全球及中国食管癌疾病负担严重，尤其在男性和老年人群中。中国食管癌的MIR仍较高。应加强一级和二级预防措施，以减轻食管癌危害。 |
| [Purpose] To analyze the latest epidemiological data on esophageal cancer worldwide and in China. [Methods] Data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. We described the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer worldwide and in China, stratified by sex, age group, and Human Development Index (HDI). Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the HDI and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of esophageal cancer. [Results] In 2022, there were an estimated 511,054 new cases and 445,391 deaths from esophageal cancer globally, with age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) of 5.0 per 100,000 and 4.3 per 100,000, respectively. In China, an estimated 224,012 new cases and 187,467 deaths accounting for 43.8% and 42.1% of global totals, respectively. Both the new cases and deaths of esophageal cancer in China ranked first worldwide. The ASIR and ASMR in China were 8.3 per 100,000 and 6.7 per 100,000, respectively. The ASIR (13.1 per 100,000) and ASMR (10.7 per 100,000) for males were 3.4-fold and 3.7-fold higher than those for females, respectively. The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer increased with age, and more than 50% of global cases and deaths in individuals aged over 70 years old occurred in China. The ASIR and ASMR in China were twice the global average. Additionally, a significantly negative correlation was observed between HDI and MIR of esophageal cancer (ρ = -0.67, P < 0.001), and MIR in China (0.81) was comparable to that of countries or regions with a very high HDI. [Conclusion] The burden of esophageal cancer remains significant worldwide and in China, particularly among males and the elderly. The MIR of esophageal cancer in China is still relatively high. The primary and secondary prevention measures should be strengthened to reduce the harm of esophageal cancer. |
